Manual mouldmakers make and repair sand moulds using patterns, moulding boxes, sand and hand tools following bench, floor or pit moulding methods;
手动模具制造商使用样模，成型盒，砂及手工具，遵从板凳，地板或坑成型方法，制造和修理砂模；
3
The conditions of engineering geology and hydrogeology of 150 000 DWT ship repair yard, Shanhaiguan Shipyard and the problems of the pit excavation are introduced in the paper.