Investment Banks' profits, and bonus pools, are back near pre-crisis levels.
投资银行的利润和分红池也回到接近经济危机前的水平。
2
Banks such as JPMorgan Chase, which face more-stringent regulation (relatively) than investment Banks, such as the pre-2008 Goldman Sachs, have a debt-to-equity ratio of 13-to-1 or so.
International capital costs will therefore be higher and investment rates lower over the next several years when compared with the pre-crisis boom period.