The traditional studies of translation criteria are mostly carried out from the static approach supposing that contexts are pre-given and keep unchanged during the translation process.
传统上关于翻译标准的研究大多是从静态的角度来进行的，认为语境在翻译过程中是事先存在的，保持不变的。
2
A pre-set code is given to the farmer to switch on or off the pumpset.
一个预设代码给农夫打开或关闭泵唧装置。
3
When new developers join a UCM project, for example, they are automatically given a workspace pre-configured with the right versions of the files and directories they need.