The total deformation of soils consists of three parts: elastic strain, plastic strain related to volumetric yielding mechanism and plastic strain related to shear yielding mechanism.
土体总的变形由三部分组成：即弹性应变、与体积屈服机制相关的塑性应变和与剪切屈服机制相关的塑性应变。
3
Plastic deformation takes place first at the crack tip and spreads across the solid as the applied load is increased beyond general yielding.