Both infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) show that carboxylic acid groups have been introduced onto the carbon black surface.
红外光谱及X光电子能谱表明，臭氧氧化在碳黑表面引进了羧基基团。
2
These results are consistent with the results of X rayphotoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
这个结果与X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析结果是一致的。
3
The worn surfaces of the steel balls were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy (XPS).