This method proved to be highly accurate in predicting the tumor-specific promoters, with recognition rates of over 90% of the training sequences and over 80% of the testing sequences.

Their structures are very similar and they are all potential anti-tumor promoters and cytotoxic agents against tumor cells, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and preventing invasion.

Most lung cancers are caused by carcinogens and tumor promoters ingested via cigaretter smoking.