Furthermore, care should be taken that routine yellow fever vaccination programmes are not jeopardized by risk– benefit ratios that may be inapplicable to the target populations in endemic countries.

Given too much time, moreover, there is the risk that Banks will, in fact, shrink their balance-sheets to bolster their capital ratios.

To mitigate that risk, these countries eschew short-term debt and keep debt ratios low; some build up huge war chests of foreign currency.