Based on this mechanism, a new mathematical model characterizing the material removal rate in CMP process was developed by using micro-contact mechanics and particle size distribution theory.

The article introduced how to reduce quality cost by applying quality management theory and method to improve rate of qualified of resistors painting process in QC team activity.

Known from the theory of chaos, multi-fractal of stochastic process is a key characteristic of its dynamics, of which entropy rate is a special fractal dimension named information dimension.