In most species, the kidney is both the sensor organ and the major site of erythropoietin production, so chronic renal failure is associated with anemia.

The risk they face is the economic equivalent of renal failure: inflation, a hollowing-out of the non-oil sector, and a young, growing workforce in chronic need of outside Labour to supplement it.

Conclusions: Dengzhanhua Injection is of benefit in lowering blood viscosity and improving renal function in senile patients with chronic renal failure.