Back in 1996, Haigh showed that the temperature of the stratosphere influences the passage of the jet stream, the high-altitude river of air passing from west to east across Europe.
Reliable southerly winds from October to April provided easy passage for ships coming from the west and heading up the China coast towards Japan.
每年10月到次年4月，按时刮起的南风，便于来自从西方的船只沿中国海岸北上日本。
3
Global warming is opening summer sea lanes through the ice, along the north-westpassage sought by Martin Frobisher and the North-East one sought by Hugh Willoughby.