To de-normalize a table means that you modify the normalized design by violating one or more of the normal forms to which the table had previously conformed.

Because business items are highly de-normalized and document centric, straight transformation from business items to a LDM without careful design and normalization could produce a poor LDM.

This paper presents a design scheme of input queued ATM switches supporting multicast and corresponding scheduling algorithm, referred to as multicast longest normalized queue first (MLNQF).