So good were his wines that "The Wine Opus" notes that they received four gold medals at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco.

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Down the suasion chain there is much of the rest of North Africa and Middle East (part of the same street drama as in Egypt), Nigeria (West African oil belt), NATO including ever-trickier Turkey, Colombia and Panama (drug war) and an Asian-Pacific scene full of its own goblins.

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By 1899 the Americans were taking the lead: the Isthmian Canal Commission told Congress that a route through Nicaragua, not Panama, was best for ships Pacific-bound.

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