Then in 2003, NASA's space-based Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mapped the CMB across the sky, producing an exquisite baby picture of the cosmos.

The dependence of simulation results on the space step, the initial nucleus radius, anisotropy and undercooling studied, and how to choose the values of these parameters is settled.

Luckily, an anisotropy system can be treated as an isotropy system in fractional-dimension space, where the dimension is determined by degree of anisotropy.