Taking up the power of penalsanction to protect the patent system as the finally defend limit is generally accepted in modern lawmaking by all the countries of the eastern or the western.
以启动刑罚权为保护专利制度的最后防线乃东西方各国现代立法上通例。
2
In the Qing Dynasty, the officials's penal system includes two parts: disciplinary sanction and penal punishment.