The neural connections between the VNO and the brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of odorants triggers sensations of smell.
VNO 和大脑之间的神经连接与主嗅觉系统是分开的，主嗅觉系统对气味的处理触发了嗅觉感觉。
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Especially challenging are those that result from head injuries, whether minor or severe, that disrupt the function of the body's smell receptors - olfactory nerve cells that lie outside the brain.
Moreover, Calderón-Garcidue?as has linked the pollutants with a breakdown in the lining of the nose, which could facilitate particles' access to olfactory highways serving the brain.