Descriptive sound change consists of changes in sound flow, sound position and some other non-phonetic aspects while historical phonetic change is divided into two subtypes.
描写音变又包括语流音变、位置音变与非语音原因的音变；历史音变则分为有规律的演变与特殊的变化两小类。
2
Character is a non-formula character system with its form expressing its meaning not the phonetic sound , totally different from Pinyin.
汉字并不是拼音文字，是一种非形态的、以形表意的文字体系，汉字的形体不表示汉语的语音。
3
Based on the conception of formal word, the author inquires into the non grammatical factors for determination of segmentation element. They include the semantic factors, phonetic factors.