The inertia friction welding process is a non-linear process because of the interaction between temperature field and material properties as well as friction force and thrust force.
焊接过程中的温度、材料热物性、摩擦力和顶锻压力的相互作用使焊接过程高度非线性。
2
This sudden change in the direction of the friction force made the system extremely non-linear and the solution process highly complicated.