In the past, voters have been deterred from electing non-PAP candidates by threats of discrimination against opposition-held constituencies in upgrading public housing.
The surrogate country approach violates the basic doctrines of justice and non-discrimination of international trade law, and the approach itself is unreasonable.
替代国制度严重违背了国际贸易的公平原则与非歧视待遇原则，其制度本身也具有极大的不合理性。
3
The practice of the European Union develops non-discrimination clause in bilateral taxation conventions, which is a sample of regional harmonization of income taxation.