Non-pecuniary damages is an important item in the claim for damages to personal injury and death, but in China this is deleted from the claim list.

Breach of contract when the relative side did lead to non-pecuniary damages, the liability can be based on competing theories get relief through the infringement complaint.

In French law, contractual damages can be both in the form of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses, so non-pecuniary damages can be generally established in the common contract law.