The price of food staples in nominaldollar terms has more than doubled since 2005 although the impact is smaller when adjusted for domestic inflation and exchange rates.
以名义美元计算，2005年以来，主食价格已涨了一倍多，虽然按国内通胀和汇率调整后，影响会小一些。
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For most of the past decade, the nominal value of the rupee has been allowed to decline gently against the dollar, by about 5% a year, thus staying fairly steady in real terms.
The Economist put together an analysis of the real yuan-dollar rate and found that real appreciation has been significantly greater than nominal appreciation.