Organic ion exchanger particle core structure is loose, exchange reaction not only in the particle surface, and within the particles simultaneously, softening effect is good.

A heme (HEM) is a multi-atom, non-proteinaceous organic structure capable of positioning an iron (FE) ion in its center.

These batteries will use water-based electrolytes that are cheaper and easier to use than organic solvent-based electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries.