The risk of a motor accident, fire at a factory, theft of goods from a store, or injury at work are all pure risks with no element of gain
车祸、工厂的火灾、商场货物的偷窃、或者是工伤，这些风险都是不能获利的纯粹风险。
2
The risk of a motor accident, fire at a factory, theft of goods from a store, or injury at work are all pure risks with no element of gain.
车祸、工厂的火灾、商场货物的偷窃、或者是工伤，这些风险都是不能获利的纯粹风险。
3
The expected value principle to compute the pure premium, introducing risk factors into the bonus-malus system to calculate the posteriori premium of varied policy-holders.