The slag temperature and morphology were measured and observed. The equilibrium between the slag and melt and the reaction of oxygen jet with the bath were analyzed.

The methods and results to realize the triple points of argon, oxygen and nitrogen in a cryostat and those of equilibrium hydrogen and neon in a mini-refrigerator are described.

The primary combustion of deficient oxygen solid propellant is non equilibrium because of its own physical and chemical processes.