Conductors of electricity on solar panels ideally must be transparent and highly conductive. One solution currently used is indium tinoxide (ITO); however, ITO is very expensive.
Metallic tin is not electropositive enough compared with the electronegativity of its oxide to deliver a useful potential difference.
比起铅来，金属锡的电正性没有二氧化锡的电负性强，所以无法产生可用的电位差。
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In this paper, current research progress, the preparation methods, applied properties and research orientation of nanometer Indium TinOxide (ITO) powders were discussed.