Alloy steel owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper.
合金钢的性质取决于其所含有的除碳以外的一种或多种元素，如镍、铬、锰、钼、钨、硅、钒和铜。
2
The original surface of a steel specimen was identified by pure nickel so as to study the formation process of a vanadium carbide coating on the surface of the steel specimen through TD treatment.