The structural properties of the films were analyzed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM).
Electronic wizardry: This photo - or, more precisely, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) - is of the surface of a silicon microchip.
电子魔法：这张照片，或更准确地说，这张电子显微照片(SEM)是硅晶片的表面。
3
Fluorenone derivatives have been used as electron transporting materials in organic photo conductor (OPC) device and their electric and optical properties were studied.