This paper mainly studies the distribution of the electron density produced by the high-altitude nuclear burst in atmosphere and gives part o the results at low-altitude.

Initial nuclear radiation will be a significant hazard with smaller weapons, but the fallout hazard can be ignored as there is essentially no local fallout from an air burst.

If the burst is shallow enough to penetrate the surface, blast, thermal, and initial nuclear radiation effects will be present, but will be less than for a surface burst of comparable yield.