Penal stones may be removed instrumentally via percutaneous nephrostomy or by irrigation through a tube placed directly into the kidney.
肾结石可通过皮穿器械摘除，或者经皮穿刺肾造瘘或经肾直接置管进行冲洗。
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Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.