In positive phases of the credit cycle, alpha is generated primarily from the correct forecasting of upgrades, and in negativephases primarily from correctly forecasting downgrades.
In 4 periods of 1961-1962, 1980-1982, 1994-1996, 1999-2000, negativephases appear in the most cycles. The same phase superimposition of the various oscillation cause heavy drought stage in spring.
This paper mainly deals with the relationship between negative bias of substrate and component phases of magnetron-sputtering ion plated aluminium film of A3 steel.