The scientists monitored the dreamers with both magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy to see patterns of heat in their subject's heads, which gives a picture of brain activity.

The structures of the above compounds were assigned by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy etc.

Optical heterodyne Zeeman modulation magnetic rotation spectroscopy (OHZM MRS) is a high sensitive spectroscopy technique.