Although many proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are widely expressed, the mutation of these genes is associated with cancer of specific organs or cell types.
虽然许多原癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因被广泛表达，这些基因的突变与特定的器官或细胞类型的癌有关。
2
The different mechanisms, such as the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation and mutation of tumor suppressor gene, antiapoptosis and so on are involved in .
原癌基因的激活，抑癌基因的失活、突变，抗细胞凋亡等不同的机制都可能参与其中。
3
Expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor is frequently lost in breast cancer in the absence of mutation or promoter methylation through as yet undetermined mechanisms.