The concept "equivalent ring" simplifies the array model in the methodofequating arrays with unequal elements to arrays with the same elements in each ring.
The legal method is. determined by the formation of legal judgment, which is a process of equating the major premises and the minor premises.
法律方法效命于法律判断的形成，法律判断的形成是一个将大小前提进行等置的过程。
3
The kernel methodof test equating has five steps, including presmoothing, estimation of test score probability, continuation, equating and calculation of standard error of equating.