McAdams, Arkin. "It's A Noisy Business! : Gene Regulation at the Nanomolar Scale. " Trends in Genetics 15 (1999): 65-69.

In 2008, laboratory tests showed INX-189 killed 90 per cent of the virus at very low (nanomolar) concentration, making it the most potent compound of its kind developed to date.

This invention pertains to the in vitro detection of proteases using a single peptide-conjugate nanocrescent surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes with at least nanomolar sensitivity.