Compared with the PL-CDM model, the RSI-CDM model can raise the mass abundance of dark haloes for small mass haloes at lower redshifts, but it is not apparent on scales of massive mass haloes.

Astronomers who examined eight relatively nearby galaxies have found evidence of a surprisingly high abundance of faint, low-mass stars — each has about 10 times as many as the Milky Way.

Inorganic Mass Spectrometry is preferably used each time extremely low concentrations and isotopic abundance are to be determined.