Objective To investigate the effects of volume expansion before induction of anaesthesia on postoperativenauseaandvomiting(PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic operations.
目的研究麻醉诱导前扩容对腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐（PONV）发生率的影响。
2
It also introduces clinical observation and nursing of the postoperative complications such as biliary tract bleeding, postoperative fever, nausea, vomiting, and, t tube herniation.
介绍了术中及术后可能出现的并发症如胆道出血、术后发热、恶心、呕吐、“T”管脱出的临床观察及护理。
3
Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of ramosetron for preventing nauseaandvomiting during postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA).