The study, which compared two 10-vehicle truck fleets using the ultra-lowsulfurfuel and B20, was released in the journal Applied Engineering in Agriculture.
The fourth best use of refinery gas is purification and sale as natural gas, if the market value of the gas (on an energy basis) is near that of lowsulfurfuel oil.
To clean up the air, California is the only state in the U.S. to require all ships to use low-sulfurfuel when they are within 44 kilometers of the shore.