Elvira Groll of Action aid says the shortfall was revealed after the end of debt relief which she says donor countries used to highly inflate aid figures.

The Vickers answer is to get Banks also to hold thick layers of "bail-in" debt that will impose losses on private creditors of a failing institution before taxpayers are called into action.

However, we have had to intervene because of the need to take decisive action to address its particular debt burden.