It is suggested that the instability is excited in the low density plasma when the electron beam drift velocities exceed the ion acoustic speed.
不稳定性产生的可能机制是由于电子束穿过低密度本底等离子体的漂移速度超过离子声速而激发起来的。
2
Single-electron devices get more and more attention due to their high efficiency, good performance, high speed, low wastage(working in room temperature), high integration, reliability and so on.