The forming process and active mechanism of the Generalized-Gradient theory can be simplified as it's of the duality structure from high gradient to low gradient in space.

As it remained clear for longer than usual it also bled more heat into the Arctic atmosphere. This caused higher air pressures, reducing the gradient between the Iceland low and the Azores high.

The study measured childhood self-control using parent and teacher assessments and included a gradient from low self-control to high self-control.