The early works of direct methods utilized the quasi-linearity of transient energy margin (TEM) to approximate the transient stability limits, which opened an era of this area.

The results indicate that this kind of energy dissipation function can improve the water flow regime in the stepped spillways and reduce the flow velocity by a wide margin.

And the rising price of energy sources and the fierce competition in the market make ceramics an industry with a narrow margin of profit and an industry which bring negative profit.