The scientists are referring to Monte Carlo simulations, a statistical technique used to model probabilistic (or "stochastic") systems and establish the odds for a variety of outcomes.

A mathematic model is set up by probabilistic method for analyzing concrete crack in early age, which is tested by the observation results of a concrete retaining wall case.

In this paper, we take probabilistic event structures as our semantic model and provide a metric denotational semantics for probabilistic process algebra.