Summarising scores of studies, they conclude that smacking fails in one of its main aims: to make a child see that some things are wrong, and change its long-termbehaviour.
综合研究结果，他们指出体罚并没有实现让孩子认识错误，改变其长期行为的主要目标。
2
He believes this change in behaviour marks a long-term shift from the spendthrift habits of the boom to a savings culture.
他认为，这种行为变化标志着从繁荣时期习惯于铺张挥霍到现在节约成为新消费文化的长期性转变。
3
They also have a limited ability to understand the long-term consequences of their behaviour.