In situ imaging nanoindentation was used to characterize the differences in longitudinalModulus of Elasticity (MOE) and hardness of different cell wall layers of softwood tracheids.
The coupling between bridge and track adopts by beam unit, modulus of electricity of and yielding stress according to the broken line of the non-liner rail longitudinal resistance of displacement.
Longitudinal vibration of pile with variable impedance (variable sections or modulus) in layered soil undergoing arbitrary load is theoretically investigated.