IBM physicists built the first microscope based on that approach, dubbed magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), in 1993.

Now the equipment, built under a microscope, is the size of a coin and can be planted under the scalp and so is unnoticeable in a free-moving subject.

By electronic microscope analysis, it is found that there is a certain amount of second dispersed phase in the martensite matrix which is the metallurgical factor of forming built-up edge.