As proved by the experiments, a number of free electrons and holes are existed in the unexposed silver halide emulsion micro-crystals. These factors are all essential to the fog center formation.
The crystallographic effects on critical depth, micro cutting forces and surface waviness when machining single crystals are emphatically investigated.
重点研究了加工单晶材料时晶向对临界切深、微切削力和表面粗糙度的影响；
3
The achievement of Laser micro-probe spectrochemical analysis of doped element concentration in laser crystals is reviewed and several essential problems in its field are described.