First, companies are raising more and more capital through privately issued loan instruments, as opposed to public equity-such as selling stocks or issuing bonds, which can be openly traded.
Stocks, too, took a hit, although the sell-off in the U. S. was also fueled by renewed concerns about the impact that home loan foreclosure problems will have on banks.
股市遭受打击，各级银行的房屋贷款止赎问题引发新的担忧情绪，导致美国股市出现抛售。
3
The stocks of Chinese Banks fell this year and were trading at price-to-book ratios that assumed these institutions would suffer substantial losses on their loan portfolios.