Cylinder buckling is governed by imperfections in a structure and uncertainties in the loading of weight, and mathematical models can predict this behavior.
The result showed that the attenuation of residual stress of autofrettaged thick-walled cylinder reached about 30% under cycle loading.
研究结果表明，厚壁筒自增强残余应力在循环载荷的作用下，残余应力衰减达到近30%。
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The stress and displacement distributions of the bellows under torsion loading are investigated by using both finite element method (FEM) and equivalent cylinder method.