Dating back to the pre-Islamic era, Shashmaqom was continually influenced by developments in musicology, poetry, mathematics, and Sufism.
UNESCO: Intangible Cultural Heritage
2.
By following a policy of contrition for Bush's "cowboy diplomacy, " and acting with deference in its dealing with the Muslim world, in his view, a new era of US-Islamic relations will ensue.
CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Honest Obama & Iran
3.
It left only some very faint tracks of its enormous successes, to begin again around the XIV and the XV centuries when the Arab-Islamic science characterized the second scientific era that the Mediterranean has experienced.