The growth processes of liquid-phase epitaxy will be discussed in some detail, as crystal growth is a necessary step for the realization of integrated optics using.
再略为详细地讨论液相外延生长过程，因为晶体生长是实现集成光路使用的必不可少的一个环节。
2
So liquidcrystal grating is used in extensive field such as diffraction optics, photoelectric switch, deflexion controlling of light beam.
因此液晶光栅的这种光电特性在衍射光学、光电开关、光束偏转控制等许多领域具有广泛的应用前景。
3
This achievement has come as a result of gradual improvements in optics, liquid-crystal chemistry and microelectronics made by IBM groups in Yamato, Japan, and Yorktown Heights, New York.