They took a crystal, this is a single crystal of nickel that has regular planes of atoms, and those planes are spaced on the order of an angstrom or less apart, and they irradiated this with x-rays.
The deep levels in electron irradiated CZ silicon single crystal grown in pure nitrogen protective atmosphere has been studied.
本文研究了电子辐照在氮保护气氛中生长的直拉硅单晶中引入的深能级。
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Crystal optics is a subject, which studies optical characteristics of crystal mineral irradiated with transmission light by means of polarization microscope.